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国际遥控模型直升机协会(IRCHA) 直升机动作难度7个等级中英对照 第一级 (Level I) 第二级(Level II) 第三级(Level III) 第四级(Level IV) 第五级(Level V) 第六级(Level VI) 第七级(Level VII) 第一级 (Level I) Take-off(起飞) Stationary Hover(静止停悬) Hover Laterally(水平移动) Multiple-level Hover(多重高度停悬) 3/4 Rear View Hovering(45°角停悬) Full Lateral View Hovering(侧面停悬) Diagonal Hovering(对角停悬) Circle Hovering 第二级(Level II) Taxi Out(水平滑行) Climb-Out(垂直爬升) 90 Degree Turns(90°转向) Flying Box(矩形飞行) 180 Degree Turns(180°回转) Straight and Level Flight(水平直线飞行) Figure of Eight – Constant Heading, Hovering(机头定向8字飞行) Figure of Eight – "Lazy 8"(水平快8字飞行) Figure of Eight – Flying(水平8字飞行) Traffic Pattern Approach to Landing(小角度降落航道) Translational Descent(大角度降落航道) Landing(著陆) Stall Turn(180°失速倒转) Inside Loop(内浸斗) Pirouette(原地旋转) 第三级(Level III) Nose-in – Hover(对面停悬) Nose-in – Circle(机头向内水平圆) Nose-in – Take-off(对面起飞) Nose-in – Landing(对面降落) 540 Stall Turn(540°失速倒转) Horizontal Roll(水平侧滚) Immelmann Turn(英麦曼回转) 1/2 Cuban Eight(1/2 古巴8字) Loop w/Pirouette at the Top(内浸斗/顶点旋转 360°) Flying Circle(水平圆) Figure of Eight – Nose-in, Tail-in(机头向内、向外水平8字) Autorotation Landing(熄火降落) 第四级(Level IV) Sustained Inverted Flight(倒飞水平圆) Sustained Inverted Hover(倒飞停悬) Inverted Pirouettes(倒飞原地旋转) Inverted Figure of Eight – Flying(倒飞水平8字飞行) Consecutive Stationary Rolls(连续侧滚) Auto 180 Degree Autorotation(180°熄火降落) Flips Forward(前滚翻) Flips Backward(後滚翻) Flips Laterally(侧滚翻) Rolling Circle(侧滚水平圆) Tumbles(各种滚翻) 第五级(Level V Sustained Backward Flight(後退水平圆) Sustained Backward Figure of Eight – Flying(後退8字飞行) Sustained Backward Flight – Rolls(後退侧滚) Sustained Backward Inverted Flight(倒飞後退水平圆) Sustained Backward Inverted Figure of Eight -Flying(倒飞後退8字飞行) Autorotation with inverted segment(倒飞熄火降落) Knife Edge Pirouette(侧飞自旋 360°) Death Spiral(侧飞水平螺旋下坠) 第六级(Level VI) Sideways Flight(横向飞行水平圆) Sideways Figure of Eight – Flying(横向8字飞行) Sideways Inside Loops(横向内浸斗) Sideways Outside Loops(横向外浸斗) Sideways Rolls(横向滚翻) Sideways Rolls – Helicopter is Rolling(横向滚翻 – 机体侧滚) Sideways Rolls – Helicopter is Tumbling(横向滚翻 – 机体前後滚翻) Pirouetting Figure of Eight(机体自旋8字飞行) Inverted Pirouetting Figure of Eight(机体倒飞自旋8字飞行) 第七级(Level VII) Pirouetting Inside Loop(机体自旋内觔斗) Pirouetting Roll(机体自旋侧滚) Stationary Pirouetting Tumbles(机体自旋原地滚翻) Traveling Pirouetting Tumbles(机体自旋前进滚翻) Pirouetting Outside Loop(机体自旋外觔斗) Pirouetting Autorotation(机体自旋熄火降落) Pirouetting Auger(机体自旋螺旋钻) Straight Upright Flight(正立直线飞行)
第一级 (Level I) Level I is the most basic of the program and is characterized by the pilot becoming SAFE and Proficient in the Hover and its related phases. Pilot position for most of the maneuvers shall be from the position of Tail-in towards the pilot.
Take-off(起飞) The take-off should be performed straight up from the landing area, at a constant rate of climb, with little lateral deviations. Come to a complete stop without any vertical bounce or dip, and little to no lateral wobble or drifting. The landing area is defined as a 1 meter diameter circle.
Stationary Hover(静止停悬) 1. After the take-off, coming to a complete stop with little to no vertical bounce, dip, lateral drifting or wobble. 2. Hold in the Stationary Hover for one (1) minute. 3. The Stationary Hover should give the appearance of being under total control.
Hover Laterally(水平移动) 1. From take-off area hover forward ten (10) feet, hold for ten (10) seconds. 2. From there hover backward twenty (20) feet, hold for ten (10) seconds. 3. From there hove forward ten (10) feet until you are over the landing area, then hover to the left ten (10) feet, hold for ten (10) seconds. 4. From there hover to the right twenty (20) feet, hold for ten (10) seconds. 5. From there hove back to the left ten (10) feet until you are over the landing area. 6. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.
Multiple-level Hover(多重高度停悬) 1. Take-off, hover for five (5) seconds. 2. Climb straight up two (2) meters, hold for five (5) seconds. 3. Descend vertically two (2) meters, hold for five (5) seconds. 4. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.
3/4 Rear View Hovering(45°角停悬) 1. Take-off to Hover, hold for five (5) seconds. 2. Rotate nose of helicopter either left or right forty-five (45) degrees, hold for five (5) seconds. 3. Rotate the nose of the helicopter back to straight ahead, hold for five (5) seconds. 4. Continue rotating the nose of the helicopter forty-five (45) degrees to the other side, hold for five (5) seconds. 5. Rotate the nose back to straight ahead, hold for five (5) seconds. 6. Land with the skids completely within the landing area. Full Lateral View Hovering(侧面停悬) Same as 3/4 View Hovering, but in steps 2 and 4 rotate ninety (90) degrees instead of forty-five (45) degrees.
Diagonal Hovering(对角停悬) 1. After take-off from the landing area within center of a 10 meter/yard box, from Stationary Hover, maintaining a constant heading, move the helicopter diagonally to a corner of the box, hold for five (5) seconds, then return to the center of the box. 2. Repeat with the remaining 3 corners of the box. 3. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.
Circle Hovering 1. Tail-in Circle(机头向外水平圆) A. Take-off, hold hover for five (5) seconds. B. Move the helicopter to the right, keeping the tail pointed at the pilot, in a circle around the pilot. Until the helicopter is hovering over the take-off point. C. Move the helicopter to the left, repeating step b above. D. Land with the skids completely within the landing area. 2. Constant Heading Circle(机头定向水平圆) A. Take-off, hold hover for five (5) seconds. B. Move the helicopter to the right, keeping the tail pointed in the same direction, in a ten(10) meter circle in front of the pilot. Until the helicopter is hovering over the take-off point. C. Move the helicopter to the left, repeating step b above. D. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.
第二级(Level II) Level II is an intermediate level of proficiency and completion of this level takes the pilot to the level of a well rounded pilot capable of performing Basic Flight skills. Intrinsic to this level is successfully completing all components of Level I, then advancing to the ability to FLY the helicopter in circuits. 第二级属於中等程度,使操控者有能力执行基础飞行的技巧。第二级的本质是要能 成功地完成第一级的所有动作,以及增进圆周飞行的能力。 Taxi Out(水平滑行) 1. Take-off from the landing area to eye-level, hold momentarily. 2. Hover forward slowly for no less than ten (10) meters. 3. Turn into the prevailing wind direction and continue straight and level for no less than ten (10) meters. 4. Either proceed to Climb-Out or Land within the landing area circle. Climb-Out(垂直爬升) 1. After Taxi Out, begin ascent by gradually increasing power/collective. 2. Continue to climb until an altitude of approximately fifty (50) feet. 3. Climb-out should be parallel to flight path and at a moderate speed. 90 Degree Turns(90°转向) After Climb-Out, turn 90 degrees in a direction away from pilot and spectators. Flying Box(矩形飞行) 1. After completing the Climb-Out and first 90 Degree Turn, continue to fly straight and level. 2. Execute another 90 Degree Turn, same direction as before. 3. Continue as before until a box or rectangle has been formed. 180 Degree Turns(180°回转) 1. While flying straight and level, execute a turn, hold this turn until the helicopter has come around back to the same direction it has just come from, straighten out and continue in straight and level flight. 2. Turns should be made turning away from the pilot to the right and left. 3. Turns should be made turning toward the pilot to the right and left. Straight and Level Flight(水平直线飞行) 1. From the left to the right. 2. From the right to the left. Figure of Eight – Constant Heading, Hovering(机头定向8字飞行) 1. Take-off to eye-level, hold momentarily. 2. While maintaining constant altitude, speed and heading, begin a forward hovering circle to either the right or the left. 3. As the helicopter reaches the take-off point, continue hovering forward and complete a circle in the opposite direction from before. 4. Stop over take-off point, descend vertically and land completely within the landing circle. Figure of Eight – "Lazy 8"(水平快8字飞行) 1. With the helicopter flying straight and level after it passes the pilot, make a turn that is greater than 180 degrees, away from the pilot. 2. After the helicopter passes in front of the pilot, execute another turn that is greater than180 degrees, away from the pilot. 3. This maneuver must be done starting from both left to right (first turn to the left, counterclockwise) and right to left (first turn to the right, clockwise). Figure of Eight – Flying(水平8字飞行) 1. With the helicopter flying straight and level after it passes the pilot, make a 270 degree turn away from the pilot, the helicopter will now be pointed directly at the pilot. 2. After the helicopter is pointing at the pilot, execute a 360 degree turn, in the opposite direction. The helicopter will again be pointing directly at the pilot. 3. After the helicopter is pointing at the pilot again, execute a 90 degree turn, in the same direction as the first 270 degree turn. 4. This maneuver must be done starting from both left to right (first 270 degree turn to the left, counterclockwise) and right to left (first 270 degree turn to the right, clockwise). Traffic Pattern Approach to Landing(小角度降落航道) 1. From straight and level flight, after the helicopter passes the pilot, execute a 180 degree turn away from the pilot. 2. Start to reduce speed and power. 3. After the helicopter passes the pilot, execute a 180 degree turn towards, continue to reduce power/collective so as to descend at a gradual angle to the landing zone. 4. This must be done starting from both the right and the left. Translational Descent(大角度降落航道) 1. This is similar to the Traffic Pattern Approach, but the descent angle should be much greater (about 45 degrees) and the descend continues all the way to the landing. 2. This must be done starting from both the right and the left. Landing(著陆) 1. This landing is to be completed as part of a Translational Descent, but this has the added requirement that both the take-off and landing must be within a one (1) meter circle. The skids must be completely within the landing circle. 2. This must be done starting from both the right and the left. Stall Turn(180°失速倒转) 1. Starting from straight and level flight after the helicopter passes the pilot, the helicopter is smoothly pulled vertical (Aft Cyclic). 2. When the vertical climb stops, the helicopter is rotated 180 degrees about the yaw axis. 3. The helicopter is allowed to fall the same distance that it climbed at the beginning of the maneuver before pulling the helicopter back to straight and level flight.
Inside Loop(内浸斗)
2. As the helicopter is "on its back", the pilot should reduce collective so as to keep the loop as round as possible.
Pirouette(原地旋转)
第三级(Level III) Level III is an advanced intermediate level of proficiency and completion of this level takes the pilot to the level of a pilot capable of performing all Upright Flight skills. Intrinsic to this level is successfully completing all components of Level I and II, then advancing to the ability to control the helicopter in all upright orientations. 第三级属於中上程度,使操控者有能力执行所有的正面飞行技巧。第三级的本质是 要能成功地完成第一级与第二级的所有动作,以及增进对於新动作的操控及定位能力。 Nose-in – Hover(对面停悬) 1. Take-off from the landing area (a 36" or 1 meter circle) to eye-level, hold momentarily. 2. Either Pirouette or Fly and stop in the Nose-in condition, the preferred method is to Pirouette to nose-in. 3. Hold in the Stationary Nose-in Hover for one (1) minute. 4. The Stationary Hover should give the appearance of being under total control. 5. Land with the skids completely within the landing area. Nose-in – Circle(机头向内水平圆) 1. Take-off, move into a Nose-in Hover, hold hover for five (5) seconds. 2. Move the helicopter to the right, keeping the tail pointed away from the pilot, in a circle around the pilot. Until the helicopter is hovering over the take-off point. 3. Move the helicopter to the left, repeating step 2 above.
Nose-in – Take-off(对面起飞) 1. With the helicopter in the landing area, and the pilot standing in front of the helicopter,at a SAFE distance. 2. Take-off into a Nose-in hover. Nose-in – Landing(对面降落) 1. From a Stationary Nose-in Hover. 2. Land while still Nose-in, with the skids completely within the landing area. 540 Stall Turn(540°失速倒转) 1. Start by performing a Stall Turn similar to that in Level II. 2. Instead of rotating the helicopter only 180 degrees, this time rotate the helicopter 540 degrees (1-1/2 revolutions). 3. This maneuver must be done both to the right and the left of the pilot.
Horizontal Roll(水平侧滚) 1. Helicopter flying straight and level. 2. Then rolls slowly through one (1) complete revolution. 3. This maneuver must be done from the right to the left, and from the left to the right. Immelmann Turn(英麦曼回转) 1. Helicopter flying straight and level. 2. Then perform 1/2 loop, to inverted. 3. Then helicopter performs 1/2 roll to upright. 4. Fly straight and level. 5. This maneuver must be done starting from both the right and the left of the pilot. 1/2 Cuban Eight(1/2 古巴8字) 1. Helicopter flying straight and level. 2. Then perform 5/8 loop, helicopter should be inverted on a 45 degree down line. 3. Then helicopter performs 1/2 roll to upright. 4. Level out and fly straight and level. 5. This maneuver must be done starting from both the right and the left of the pilot. Loop w/Pirouette at the Top(内浸斗/顶点旋转 360°) 1. Start by performing a 2. When the helicopter is inverted, add enough negative pitch to support the helicopter, and remove the Aft cyclic control. 3. Perform a Pirouette while inverted. 4. Complete the 5. This maneuver must be done once with the Pirouette to the right and once with the Pirouette to the left. Flying Circle(水平圆) 1. Starting from a tail-in hover, rotate the helicopter 90 degrees. 2. Fly in a circle back to the starting point, while maintaining constant altitude, and speed. 3. This maneuver must be done circling both clockwise and counterclockwise.
Figure of Eight – Nose-in, Tail-in(机头向内、向外水平8字) 1. Take-off to eye-level, hold momentarily, hover the helicopter out a a SAFE distance and height before starting this maneuver. 2. While maintaining constant altitude, speed and heading begin a circle to either the right or the left with the tail of the helicopter pointing to the center of the circle. 3. As the helicopter reaches the starting point continue hovering, but in a circle in the opposite direction from before and with the nose of the helicopter pointing to the centerof the circle. 4. This maneuver must be done starting the nose-in circle both clockwise and counterclockwise. Autorotation Landing(熄火降落) 1. Starting from an altitude of no less than twenty (20) meters and on a heading parallel to the flight line, start your Autorotation.
3. The tail blades must stop before the helicopter touches the ground. 4. All of the helicopter landing skids must be within the landing circle. 5. This maneuver must be done starting from the right and from the left of the pilot. The pilot may stand anywhere they wish during this maneuver.
第四级(Level IV) Level IV is an advanced level of proficiency and completion of this level takes the pilot to the level of a pilot capable of performing the beyond the basics of Inverted Flight. Intrinsic to this level is successfully completing all components of the previous levels, then advancing to the ability to control the helicopter in these new orientations. Please use extreme caution when performing these advanced maneuvers, the pilots and spectators safety is of utmost importance. Sustained Inverted Flight(倒飞水平圆) 1. With the helicopter inverted fly at least one (1) clockwise and one (1) counterclockwise circuit around your flying area. 2. The idea is to learn control the helicopter as it is turning towards you and away form you. Sustained Inverted Hover(倒飞停悬) 1. With the helicopter inverted and no more than ten (10) yards/meters above the landing area hover nose out, hold for ten (10) seconds. 2. With the helicopter inverted and no more than ten (10) yards/meters above the landing area hover nose in, hold for ten (10) seconds.
Inverted Pirouettes(倒飞原地旋转) 1. With the helicopter inverted and no more than ten (10) yards/meters above the landing area hover nose out, hold for ten (10) seconds. 2. While maintaining a constant altitude use the tail rolor to rotate the helicopter clockwise90 degrees, hold for ten (10) seconds. 3. While maintaining a constant altitude use the tail rolor to rotate the helicopter clockwise 90 degrees, the helicopter will now be Nose-In, hold for ten (10) seconds. 4. While maintaining a constant altitude use the tail rolor to rotate the helicopter clockwise 90 degrees, hold for ten (10) seconds. 5. While maintaining a constant altitude use the tail rolor to rotate the helicopter clockwise 90 degrees, the helicoper will back to Nose-Out, hold for ten (10) seconds. 6. Repeat but rotate the helicopter counterclockwise. Inverted Figure of Eight – Flying(倒飞水平8字飞行) 1. With the helicopter is flying straight and level inverted after it passes the pilot, make a 270 degree turn away from the pilot, the helicopter will now be pointed directly at the pilot. 2. After the helicopter is pointing at the pilot, execute a 360 degree turn, in the opposite direction. The helicopter will again be pointing directly at the pilot. 3. After the helicopter is pointing at the pilot again, execute a 90 degree turn, in the same direction as the first 270 degree turn. 4. This maneuver must be done starting from both left to right (first 270 degree turn to the left, counterclockwise) and right to left (first 270 degree turn to the right, clockwise). Consecutive Stationary Rolls(连续侧滚) 1. With the helicopter hovering Tail-In, add right cyclic and flip the helicopter to inverted, continue until the helicopter has completed 2 rolls to the right. 2. With the helicopter hovering Tail-In, add left cyclic and flip the helicopter to inverted, continue until the helicopter has completed 2 rolls to the left. 3. With the helicopter hovering Nose-In, add right cyclic and flip the helicopter to inverted, continue until the helicopter has completed 2 rolls to the right. 4. With the helicopter hovering Nose-In, add left cyclic and flip the helicopter to inverted,continue until the helicopter has completed 2 rolls to the left.
Auto 180 Degree Autorotation(180°熄火降落) 1. Starting from an altitude of no less than twenty (20) meters and on a heading parallel to the flight line, start your Autorotation. 2. Try for a smooth constant rate of descent directly to a one (1) meter landing circle. 3. The helicopter must complete a 180 degree turn after the Autorotation has started. 4. All of the helicopter landing skids must be within the landing circle. 5. This maneuver must be done starting from the right and from the left of the pilot, and the 180 degree turn must be done both clockwise and counterclockwise from each direction. The pilot may stand anywhere they wish during this maneuver. Flips Forward(前滚翻) 1. With the helicopter hovering Tail-In, add forward cyclic and flip the helicopter to an inverted Nose-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds. 2. From this inverted Nose-In hover, add forward cyclic and flip the helicopter back to an upright Tail-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds. 3. With the helicopter hovering Nose-In, add forward cyclic and flip the helicopter to an inverted Tail-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds. 4. From this inverted Tail-In hover, add forward cyclic and flip the helicopter back to an upright Nose-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds. Flips Backward(後滚翻) 1. With the helicopter hovering Tail-In, add backward cyclic and flip the helicopter to an inverted Nose-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds. 2. From this inverted Nose-In hover, add backward cyclic and flip the helicopter back to an upright Tail-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds. 3. With the helicopter hovering Nose-In, add backward cyclic and flip the helicopter to an inverted Tail-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds. 4. From this inverted Tail-In hover, add backward cyclic and flip the helicopter back to an upright Nose-In hover, hold for five (5) seconds.
Flips Laterally(侧滚翻) 1. With the helicopter hovering Nose-Left, add right cyclic and flip the helicopter to an inverted Nose-Left hover, hold for five (5) seconds. 2. From this inverted Nose-Left hover, add right cyclic and flip the helicopter back to an upright Nose-Left hover, hold for five (5) seconds. 3. Repeat but use left cyclic instead of right cyclic. 4. With the helicopter hovering Nose-Right, add right cyclic and flip the helicopter to an inverted Nose-Right hover, hold for five (5) seconds. 5. From this inverted Nose-Right hover, add right cyclic and flip the helicopter back to an upright Nose-Right hover, hold for five (5) seconds. 6. Repeat but use left cyclic instead of right cyclic. Rolling Circle(侧滚水平圆) 1. Fly a clockwise circle while rolling the helicopter to the right. 2. Repeat flying a clockwise circle, but this time rolling the helicopter to the left.
3. Fly a counterclockwise circle while rolling the helicopter to the right. 4. Repeat flying a counterclockwise circle, but this time rolling the helicopter to the left. Tumbles(各种滚翻) 1. With the helicopter hovering Tail-In pull back cyclic, and work the collective to complete at least two (2) full back tumbles while maintaining a constant altitude and heading. Stop the helicopter in a stable Tail-In hover. 2. Repeat push forward cyclic completing a minimum of two (2) forward tumbles. 3. With the helicopter hovering Nose-In pull back cyclic, and work the collective to complete at least two (2) full back tumbles while maintaining a constant altitude and heading. Stop the helicopter in a stable Nose-In hover. 4. Repeat push forward cyclic completing a minimum of two (2) forward tumbles. 5. Fly straight and level form left to right as the helicopter is just about in front of the pilot, pull back cyclic, adjust the collective to maintain constant altitude and speed and hold the back cyclic as the helicopter completes one (1) full traveling tumbling back flip to upright. Fly away straight and level. 6. Repeat but start flying from right to left. 7. Fly straight and level from left to right at a moderate speed as the helicopter is just about in front of the pilot, add extra collective momentarily, then simultaneously push forward cyclic, and adjust the collective to maintain constant altitude and speed and hold the forward cyclic until the helicopter completes one (1) full traveling tumbling front flip to upright. Fly away straight and level. 8. Repeat but start flying form right to left. 第五级(Level V) Level V is an advanced level of proficiency and completion of this level takes the pilot to the level of a pilot capable of performing beyond the basics of Backward Flight. Intrinsic to this level is successfully completing all components of the previous levels, then advancing to the ability to control the helicopter in these new orientations. Please use extreme caution when performing these advanced maneuvers, the pilots and spectators safety is of utmost importance.
Sustained Backward Flight(後退水平圆) 1. With the helicopter upright fly backward for at least one (1) clockwise and one (1) counterclockwise circuits around your flying area. Sustained Backward Figure of Eight – Flying(後退8字飞行) 1. With the helicopter hovering pointing to the left over the landing area, move the helicopter backwards to the right, then perform a 270 degree turn. The helicopter should be flying backwards directly at the pilot. 2. While maintaining constant altitude and speed, execute a 360 degree turn in the opposit direction, the helicopter should flying directly at the pilot again. 3. Perform a 90 degree turn in the same direction as the first 270 degree turn, fly away straight and level and then fly backwards to the starting point above the landing area. 4. With the helicopter hovering Nose-In over the landing area, move the helicopter backwards away from the pilot perform a 360 degree turn. The helicopter should be flying backwards directly away from the pilot. 5. While maintaining constant altitude and speed, execute another 360 degree turn in opposite direction, the helicopter should be flying directly away from the pilot again. 6. To complete this manuuver, fly backward to a hover above the landing area. Sustained Backward Flight – Inside Loops(後退内浸斗) 1. With the helicopter upright and flying backward straight and level from the left to the right, when the helicopter is directly in front of the pilot, push forward cyclic and execute a Tail first Inside 2. Repeat but this time start by flying backward from right to left. Sustained Backward Flight – Rolls(後退侧滚) 1. While the helicopter is flying straight and level backward from left to right, before it reaches the pilot, roll the helicopter away from the pilot until completes one (1) roll. The helicopter should be flying inverted and backward as it passes in front of the pilot, the helicopter should continue to roll back to upright after is passes in front of the pilot. Use collective control to maintain constant altitude and speed. Fly away from the maneuver straight and level. 2. Repeat the above step but this time roll the helicopter toward the pilot. 3. Repeat the above steps but this time flying backwards from the right to the left, and do both a roll to the left and to the right. Sustained Backward Inverted Flight(倒飞後退水平圆) 1. With the helicopter inverted fly backward for at least one (1) clockwise and one (1) counterclockwise circuits around your flying area. Sustained Backward Inverted Figure of Eight -Flying(倒飞後退8字飞行)
1. With the helicopter hovering inverted pointing to the left over the landing area, move the helicopter backwards to the right, perform a 270 degree turn. The helicopter should be flying backwards directly at the pilot. 2. While maintaining constant altitude and speed, execute a 360 degree turn in the opposit direction, the helicopter should flying directly at the pilot again. 3. Perform a 90 degree turn in the same direction as the first 270 degree turn, fly out straight and level and then fly backwards to the starting point above the landing area. 4. With the helicopter hovering Nose-In inverted over the landing area, move the helicopter backwards away from the pilot perform a 360 degree turn. The helicopter should be flying backwards directly away from the pilot. 5. While maintaining constant altitude and speed, execute another 360 degree turn in opposite direction, the helicopter should flying directly away the pilot again. 6. To complete this manuuver fly, backward to a hover above the landing area. Autorotation with inverted segment(倒飞熄火降落) 1. Starting from an altitude of no less than twenty (20) meters and on a heading parallel to the flight line, with the helicopter inverted and to the pilot right, start your Autorotation. 2. During the Autorotation, roll the helicopter to upright. 3. Try for a smooth constant rate of descent directly to the one (1) meter/yard landing 4. Any part of the helicopter landing skids must be within the one (1) meter/yard landing circle. 5. Repeat but this time start the Autorotation to the pilot left. Knife Edge Pirouette(侧飞自旋 360°) 1. With the helicopter flying straight and level form right to left, roll the helicopter to the left (toward the pilot), drop collective to zero degree, and while the helicopter is in knife edge flight at least one (1) full tail rotor turn (360 degrees) to the right (clockwise). Exit by rolling to the right, adding collective and fly away upright and level. 2. Repeat step 1, but this time make the rail rotor turn to the left (counterclockwise). 3. Repeat steps 1 & 2, but this time roll the helicopter to the right (away from the pilot). Exit by rolling back to the left. 4. Repeat steps 1, 2 & 3, but this time with the helicopter flying from left to right. Death Spiral(侧飞水平螺旋下坠) 1. With the helicopter hovering at a safe altitude, roll the helicopter to the left, until the rotor blades are vertical, the helicopter must remain horizontal during this maneuver, 2. The helicopter must complete at least three (3) complete "forward" tumbles as it is falling sideways toward the ground. 3. Roll back to the right to exit this maneuver. 4. Repeat the above steps, but start the maneuver by rolling to the right, and exit by rolling to the left. 5. Repeat the above steps, but use aft cyclic instead of forward cyclic completeing at least three (3) "backward" tumbles.
第六级(Level VI) Level VI is an advanced level of proficiency and completion of this level takes the pilot to the level of a pilot capable of performing beyond the basics of Sideways Flight. Intrinsic to this level is successfully completing all components of the previous levels, then advancing to the ability to control the helicopter in these new orientations. Please use extreme caution when performing these advanced maneuvers, the pilots and spectators safety is of utmost importance. Sideways Flight(横向飞行水平圆) 1. With the helicopter upright hovering Tail-In over the landing circle, fly sideways for at least one (1) clockwise and one (1) counterclockwise circuit around your flying area. The nose of the helicopter must be pointing toward the center of the flight area. 2. With the helicopter rpright hovering Nose-In over the landing circle, fly sideways for at least one (1) clockwise and one (1) counterclockwise circuit around your flying area. The nose of the helicopter must be pointing away from the center of the flight area.
Sideways Figure of Eight – Flying(横向8字飞行) 1. With the helicopter hovering Nose-Out over the landing area, move the helicopter sideways to the right, perform a 270 degree Nose-In turn. The helicopter should now be flying sideways directly at the pilot. 2. While maintaining constant altitude and speed, execute a 360 degree Nose-Out turn, the helicopter should be flying sideways directly at the pilot again. 3. Perform a 90 degree Nose-In turn fly sideways straight and level, completing the maneuver. Fly back to the starting point above the landing area. 4. Repeat the maneuver but this time start flying sideways to the left. 5. With the helicopter hovering Nose-Right over the landing area, move the helicopter sideways directly away from the pilot, perform a 360 degree Nose-In turn. The helicopter should now be flying sideways directly away from the pilot. 6. Complete the maneuver by performing a 360 degree Nose-Out turn. The helicopter should again be flying sideways directly away from the pilot. 7. Repeat the maneuver, but this time start with the helicopter hovering Nose-Left. Sideways Inside Loops(横向内浸斗) 1. With the helicopter upright flying sideways Tail-In straight and level from left to right,as the helicopter passes in front of the pilot, apply collective and left cyclic to complete an inside loop. 2. Repeat with the helicopter flying sideways from right to left, and right cyclic. 3. Repeat both of the above loop, but this time the helicopter must be Nose-In to the pilot. Sideways Outside Loops(横向外浸斗) 1. With the helicopter upright flying sideways straight and level from left to right, as the helicopter passes in front of the pilot, apply collective and right cyclic to complete an outside loop. 2. Repeat with the helicopter flying sideways from right to left, and left cyclic. 3. Repeat both of the above loop, but this time the helicopter must be Nose-In to the pilot. Sideways Rolls(横向滚翻) Note∶A "roll" while flying sideways can be thought of in two different way. 1) In the normal way of rolling as a helicopter would normally fly or as 2) A roll as compared to the current direction of flight.
Sideways Rolls – Helicopter is Rolling(横向滚翻 – 机体侧滚) 1. With the helicopter flying sideways Nose-Out straight and level from right to left, roll the helicopter to the left (the same direction as the helicopter is flying), use collective to maintain altitude and speed across the ground, complete at least one (1) roll. Exit by flying away sideways straight and level. 2. Repeat step a, but this time make the roll to the right (opposite the direction the helicopter is flying). 3. Repeat steps a & b, but this time with the helicopter Nose-In to the pilot. 4. Repeat steps a, b & c, but this time with the helicopter flying from left to right. Sideways Rolls – Helicopter is Tumbling(横向滚翻 – 机体前後滚翻) a. With the helicopter flying sideways Nose-Out straight and level from right to left, tumble the helicopter forward while traveling sideways, use collective to maintain altitude and speed across the ground, complete at least one (1) tumble. Exit by flying away sideways straight and level. b. Repeat step a, but this time make the tumble backward. c. Repeat steps a & b, but this time with the helicopter Nose-In to the pilot. d. Repeat steps a, b & c, but this time with the helicopter flying from left to right. Pirouetting Figure of Eight(机体自旋8字飞行) 1. With the helicopter hovering over the landing area, start pirouetting clockwise while the helicopter is pirouetting fly the helicopter in a Figure of Eight to the right. So at the center of the Eight, the helicopter is flying toward the pilot. 2. Repeat the above step, but this time start pirouetting counterclockwise. 3. Repeat step 1 above, but this time start the Figure of Eight by flying away from the pilot, pirouetting clockwise. So at the center of the Eight, the helicopter is flying away from the pilot. 4. Repeat the above step, but this time start pirouetting counterclockwise. Inverted Pirouetting Figure of Eight(机体倒飞自旋8字飞行) 1. With the helicopter inverted hovering over the landing area, start pirouetting clockwise while the helicopter is pirouetting fly the helicopter in a Figure of Eight to the right. So at the center of the Eight, the helicopter is flying toward the pilot. 2. Repeat the above step, but this time start pirouetting counterclockwise. 3. Repeat step 1 above, but this time start the Figure of Eight by flying away from the pilot, pirouetting clockwise. So at the center of the Eight, the helicopter is flying away from the pilot. 4. Repeat the above step, but this time start pirouetting counterclockwise.
第七级(Level VII) 第七级属于高级程度,使操控者有能力执行基础的自旋动作。第七级的本质是要能 成功地完成前六级的所有动作,以及增进对于新动作的操控及定位能力。在执行这 些高级的动作时,必须尽可能地注意操控者及观众的安全。 Pirouetting Inside Loop(机体自旋内觔斗) 1. 直升机由右向左飞行,机体开始自旋,当直升机通过操控者的正前方之时,机体 保持自旋并且执行一个内觔斗。安排副翼、升降舵及主旋翼螺距的打舵时机,使得 直升机的飞行轨迹形成一个圆圈。 2. 结束时机体保持自旋水平直线飞行。 3. 由左向右飞行,重复执行上述的步骤。 Pirouetting Roll(机体自旋侧滚) 1. 直升机由右向左飞行,机体开始自旋,在直升机未到达操控者的正前方时,机体 保持自旋并且执行外侧侧滚(飞离操控者)。当直升机到达操控者的正前方时,机 体刚好成为倒飞的姿态。安排副翼、升降舵及主旋翼螺距的打舵时机,使得直升机 能保持固定的高度、前进方向及速度。 2. 完成侧滚的动作后,机体保持自旋水平直线飞行。 3. 重复执行步骤1及2,但执行内侧侧滚(朝向操控者)。 Stationary Pirouetting Tumbles(机体自旋原地滚翻) 1. 直升机先保持停悬,机体开始自旋,机体保持自旋并且至少执行一个前滚翻。安 排副翼、升降舵及主旋翼螺距的打舵时机,使得直升机能保持在固定的高度。 2. 重复执行上述的步骤,但至少执行一个后滚翻。 Traveling Pirouetting Tumbles(机体自旋前进滚翻) 1. 直升机由右向左飞行,机体开始自旋,机体保持自旋并且至少执行一个前滚翻。安排副翼、升降舵及主旋翼螺距的打舵时机,使得直升机能保持固定的高度、前进 方向及速度。 2. 重复执行步骤1,但至少执行一个后滚翻。 3. 由左向右飞行,重复执行上述的步骤。 Pirouetting Outside Loop(机体自旋外觔斗) 1. 直升机由右向左飞行,机体开始自旋,当直升机通过操控者的正前方之时,机体 保持自旋并且执行一个外觔斗。安排副翼、升降舵及主旋翼螺距的打舵时机,使得 直升机的飞行轨迹形成一个圆圈。 2. 结束时机体保持自旋水平直线飞行。 3. 由左向右飞行,重复执行上述的步骤。 Pirouetting Autorotation(机体自旋熄火降落) 1. 机头保持与航道平行,且高度不得低于 20 公尺,朝操控者的右侧开始执行熄火 降落。在执行熄火降落的动作之前,机体不须保持自旋。 2. 执行熄火降落的过程中,机体至少需自旋3圈。 3. 保持平滑且稳定的下降速度,朝直径1公尺的圆形降落区降落。 4. 降落时脚架的某一部份需落在圆形的降落区内。 5. 重复执行上述的步骤,但由操控者的左侧开始执行熄火降落。注意:不限制执行 的次数,降落时只要脚架的某一部份落在圆形的降落区内即可。 Pirouetting Auger(机体自旋螺旋钻) 1. 先将直升机保持在任意的高度及方向,朝操控者的右侧开始执行螺旋钻的动作。 在执行螺旋钻的动作之前,机体不须保持自旋。 2. 要完成这项动作,至少机体的某一部份必须离地6英吋以内。 3. 注意:若降落区的泥土愈软则愈容易完成此动作。开玩笑的啦!您千万不要相信。 IRCHA 不鼓励执行此动作。
Straight Upright Flight(正立直线飞行) 1. 将直升机翻来滚去以后,有某些人会忘了如何正立水平直线飞行。本动作要求操 控者将直升机以正立飞行的方式,飞完一个油箱的燃油,至少需 10 分钟。 |
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油直好,可惜没钱玩~ 😀
等霄哥有钱了,霄哥买给你玩!
[quote=霄哥]等霄哥有钱了,霄哥买给你玩![/quote]
等俺有钱了,玩一个,炸一个…..
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